Within the core nodes, next in the hierarchy, come the distribution networks, followed by the edge networks. Aggregation applies to different techniques of fusing numerous network links simultaneously to improve throughput beyond the capability of a single link and deliver redundancy if one of the connections breaks down. In general, core networks offer the following functionalities:Ĭore nodes deliver the highest level of aggregation in a service provider network (SPN). In addition, for enterprise backbone networks, gigabit ethernet or 10 GB ethernet technologies are also utilised in several cases. The technologies used for the core network facilities primarily include data link and network layer technologies, such as IP, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), internet protocol (IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). The aim is to keep the essential devices fast, but not ‘smart’ in particular, equipping the devices with the intelligence as well as the edge areas of the network. The devices and facilities used for the core networks are generally switches and routers, with the former being in more usage. Furthermore, in 4G long-term evolution (LTE), core networks are known as evolved packet core (EPC). While the term ‘backbone’ is often used in enterprise network solutions rather than core network, network services providers mostly use the term core network. Moreover, the core network provides routes to exchange information among different sub-networks. Usually, the term denotes the high-functioning communication facilities that interlink the primary nodes. While core networks provide a plethora of services, one of their key functions includes routing telephone calls across the public switched telephone network (PSTN). ![]() ![]() They connect wide-area networks (WAN) and local area networks (LAN) altogether. Core networks focus on optimizing the performance and reliability of long-distance and large-scale data communications. In telecommunications, a core network – also called a backbone network – is a central conduit designed to transfer network traffic at high speeds.
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